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RESISTANCE OF BANGKIRAI (SHOREA LAEVIS)
TO ATTACK BY
THE FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE
Part 2: Materials and Methods
Materials and Methods
Wafers cut from bangkirai (Shoiea laevfs) heartwood lumber were provided by Mr. Michael Dalke, 11AX-E (Habitat and Living Environments, LTD), 4224 Waialae Avenue, Suite 5/248, Honolulu III 96&21. These were precut lo the standard test wafer dimensions of 1 x 1 x l/4-inch specified in AWPA Standard Method El-97 (AWl'A 1993). Wafers were ovendried (90" C. 24 hours) to obtain dry weights prior to termite exposure. Wafers of the same dimensions cut from Douglas-fir heartwood, which is quite Susceptible to termite attack, were treated similarly. Two tests were conducted: (1) a no-choice (or single-choice) lest in which termites were presented either with a wafer of bangkirai or a wafer of susceptible Douglas-fir, und (2) a two-choice test in which a wafer of bangkirai 'Vas paired with a wafer of Douglas-fir within a single test container, thereby offering a choice of food to the termites.
For the no-choice lest, a single dry wafer of either Bangkirai or Douglas-fir was placed on top of a on rhr surface of 150 g of damp silica sand (moistened with 30 ml distilled water) inside a screw-top jar (8 cm diameter. 10 cm high). For the two-choice test, a wafer of bangkirai was paired will) a Douglas-fir wafer within a similar test container, under the same conditions as the no-choice test.
Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were collected from an active field colony at the Poamoho Experiment Station (Oahu, Hawaii) immediately before the laboratory test using a trapping technique (Tamashiro et al. 1973). 400 termites (360 workers and 40 soldiers, to approximate natural caste proportions in field colonies) were added to each test jar. The no-choice test was replicated 10 times, and the two-choice test was replicated 5 times. We also included 3 additional wafers of each wood as "environmental controls" - exposed lo the same test conditions as the other wafers, but without addition of any termites to the jar - in order to recognize any weight change in the wafers due to absorbing moisture or any oilier factor; unrelated to termite attack
After adding termites, the jars were placed in an unlighted controlled-temperature cabinet at 28° C for 4 weeks (28 days), as specified in AWPA El-97. Each jar was inspected weekly for evidence of termite activity in the soil and on the test materials. At the conclusion of the 4-week test period, percentage termite mortality was recorded, the wafers were rated visually according to a 0*10 scale (where 10 is sound, 9 is light attack, 7 is moderate attack and penetration, 4 is heavy attack, and 0 is total failure of the wood sample), and the ovendry weight change was recorded for each wafer./p>
.... continue to 
Part 3: Results and Conclusions
.... back to beginning of this article
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